Philosophical Reflections

(Under Revision)

An analysis of Mysticism, Metaphysics and Psychology.

http://lathief1.tripod.com

 

Dr. Abdul Lathief

 

“Dedicated to my Master Vadakara Mullakoya Thangal and Master of masters Ibn Arabi-Spain”

 

 This Book is inspired mainly by The Great Classic "Fusus al Hikam" of Grand Master “Ibn Arabi -Spain.”  and also by the other two classics."Viveka Chudamani" of  Grand Master " Sri Sankara-India", & "Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences" of Grand Master "G.W.F.Hegel-Germany".

(For excerpts and quotes from these three classics See my Book of Gems at http://lathief1.tripod.com/gems.htm)

 

Contents

Part I: Nature of Reality

Chapter 1: The Planes of the Absolute

Transcendental Plane.

   I.  Absolute Being. 

Immanent Plane

   II. Absolute Spirit.

  III. Absolute World

        A:    Soul World.

                     i:  Universal Spiritual(Subjective) Soul.

                    ii: Universal Mental Soul .

                    iii: Universal Material Soul .

                            a:    Subtle Material soul .

                            b:    Gross Material Soul                                

        B: Material World

         i      Subtle Material Beings

                     a: Universal Mental Being (Universe-realm of Quarks)

                     b: Universal Imaginary Being (Galaxies-sub atom)

                     c: Universal Living Being (Solar system-Atom)

       ii: Gross Material Beings

            I: Celestial Beings

                i: Higher Soul Beings

                     a:   Pluto

                     b: Neptune

                     c: Uranus

             ii: Middle Mental Beings

                     d: Saturn        

                    e: Jupiter

                   f: Mars

                  g: Sun

            iii: Lower imaginary Beings

                   h-Venus

                   i:-Mercury

                   j:-Moon

      II: Terrestrial  Beings

                   a-Fire being

                   b-Air being

                   c-Water being

                   d-Earth being

                   e: Mineral being.

                    f: Plant being.

                    g: Animal being.

                     h-Terrestrial Angels

                     i-Jinn

                     J: Human beings.

                           a:    Subjective Spirit

                                        i: Soul

                                        ii: Consciousness

                                        iii: Spirit

                            b:     Objective Spirit                                           

                                         i: Law

                                         ii:  Morality of Conscience

                                          iii: Social Ethics

                            c:     Absolute Spirit                                          

                                          i: Artistic Spirit.

                                          ii: Religious Spirit.

                                          iii: Philosophic Spirit.

      IV: Absolute Man

                         

 Chapter 2:         The eternal and the temporal       

Chapter 3:          Creative evolution and dissolution

Chapter 4:          The living world

Chapter 5:          Conscious evolution       

Chapter 6:          The unique human spirit 

Chapter 7:          The path of the seeker   

Chapter 8:          Wisdom, Love, Power   

Chapter 9:        Cosmic Imagination

Chapter 10:       Life & Death

 

Part II: Mysticism, Metaphysics & Ethics     

 Chapter 1:          Mysticism

Chapter 2:         Being ,Existence & Essence

Chapter 3:         Philosophy.

               A:        Continental Philosophy

                B:         Analytic Philosophy.       

Chapter 4:          Metaphysics

                a:             Monism

                     i: Ideal Monism

                    ii: Material Monism

                   iii: Neutral Monism

                b:             Dualism 

                c:             Pluralism               

Chapter 5:          Philosophy of Mind           

Chapter 6:          Ontology 

Chapter 7:          Epistemology

Chapter 8        Philosophy of Religion.

Chapter 9:        Logic.

Chapter 10:        Philosophy of Language

Chapter 11:        Political Philosophy

Chapter 12:        Aesthetics.   

Chapter 13:          Ethics: Good & Evil       

            a:             Meta ethics          

                b:             Normative ethics 

            c:             Applied Ethics

Part III: History of Philosophy

A: Western philosophy 

Chapter:  1         Introduction.

i:Ancient Philosophy

 Chapter 1:          Greek Philosophy

Chapter 2          Ionic Philosophy

Chapter 3          Pythagoreans

Chapter 4          Eleatic Philosophy.

Chapter 5          Heraclitus

Chapter 6          Empedocles.

Chapter 7          Atomic Philosophy

Chapter 8          Anaxagoras

Chapter 9          Sophist Philosophy

Chapter 10        Socrates.

Chapter 11:        The Socratics

Chapter 12          Plato

Chapter 13       Aristotle

Chapter:14:    Greeks-some Concepts and their Antinomies

             a:             Absolute and relative         

                b:             Permanence and change    

                c.             Idealism and materialism    

                d.              Realism and nominalism     

Chapter 15:      Stoicism

Chapter 16:      Epicureanism

Chapter17:      Scepticism 

Chapter 18      Neo Platonism         

 

ii: Medieval Philosophy

 

iii:Modern Philosophy

Chapter :1:            Francis bacon  

Chapter 14:          Rationalists       

            a:             Descartes             

                b:             Spinoza 

                c:             Leibniz  

Chapter 15:          Empiricists       

            a:             John Locke           

                b:             Berkeley               

                c:             David Hume         

                d:             Rousseau             

                e:             Rationalism and empiricism               

Chapter 16:          Immanuel Kant  

Chapter17:          Schopenhauer and Nietzsche      

            a:             Schopenhauer     

                b:             Nietzsche              

                c:             Voluntarism: Objective & Subjective               

Chapter 18:          German Idealism           

            a:             Fichte    

                b :            Schelling               

                c :            Hegel     

                d:             Idealism: Subjective & Objective     

                e:             Idealism and realism        

Chapter 19:          The Evolutionists           

            a:             Herbert Spencer  

                b :            Darwin and Lamarck           

                c:             Henri Bergson  

iv:Contemparary Philosophy  

Chapter 20:        Marxism and Materialism           

            a:             Marxism

                b:             Materialism: Mechanistic & Dialectical           

Chapter 21:        Croce, White head, James          

            a:             Benedetto Croce  

                b:             White head          

                c:             William James      

Chapter 22:         Heidegger and Existentialism

            a:             Martin Heidegger and Dasein

                b:             Existentialism       

                 c:            Existence and Essence       

Chapter23:      Positivism and Logical Positivism.

              a:          Positivism

                   b:         Logical positivism

Chapter 24:      Phenomenology           

Chapter  25:     Structuralism, Post Structuralism and Cultural Anthropology.

                 a:           Structuralism

                 b:           Post Structuralism

                 c:            Cultural Anthropology.    

Chapter 26:     Systems Theory and Autopoiesis

            a:            Systems Theory

                b:           Autopoiesis

Chapter 27:     Chaos and Complexity Theory

Chapter 28:        Modern ideal philosophies           

            a:             Neo Thomism      

                b:             Personalism          

                c:             Neo realism 

Chapter 29:     Post Modernism and Critical Theory

                     a:           Post Modernism

                    b:           Critical Theory  

Chapter 30:     Foucault ,Derrida and Habermas

                 a:       Michel Foucault   

                  b:      Jacques Derrida

                  c:      Jurgen Habermas

Chapter 31      Other Post Modern Philosophies

                 a:           Critical Realism

                b:           Meta physics of quality 

Chapter 32      Ken Wilber and Integral Post Metaphysics

Chapter 33    Hermeneutics & Gadamer

              a:          Hermeneutics

              b:         Hans-Georg Gadamer

Chapter 34   Fukuyama and Huntington        

     a:           Francis Fukuyama and The End of History and the Last Man

      b:          Samuel  P. Huntington and Clash of Civilisations

Chapter 35   Participatory Philosophy and the Fourth World

  B: Eastern Philosophy

Chapter 1:         Introduction

i:Indian Philosophy.

Chapter 1:          Hindu Philosophy          

            a:             Samkhya               

                b:             Kashmir saivism  

                c:             Vedanta

                 d:            Conscious and unconscious            

Chapter 2:          Jain Philosophy 

Chapter 3:          Buddhist philosophy

Chapter 4:          Theosophy

Chapter :5:         Sri Aurabindo and Integral yoga

Chapter :6       J.Krishnamurthy

Chapter :7      Osho Rajneesh

ii:Other Eastern Philosophies

Chapter 1:          Persian philosophy: Zoroastrianism          

Chapter 2:          Chinese philosophy: Taoism

Chapter 3:         Japanese Philosophy:Shintoism    

 C: Abrahamic Philosophy.

Chapter 1           Introduction.

Chapter 2:          Jewish philosophy: Kabala        

Chapter 3:        Christian philosophy      

            a:             Gnosticism           

                b:             Thomas Aquinas

Chapter 4         Islamic philosophy         

            a:             Mutazilah and Ashiri          

                b:             Al kindi 

                c:             Al Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Ibn Rushd     

                d:             Al Razi & Al Gazali             

                e:          Suhrawardi and illuminationist philosophy

                f:           Ibn Arabi

                g:          Mulla Sadra

                h:          Shah Waliyullah

                 i:             Mohd Iqbal          

                 j:             Sufism   

                  i:  Maqam and Hal

                 ii:  Emanations

                 iii: Time and Space by Iraqi

                 iv: Nafs

                 v:  Nafs,Qalb,Ruh

                 vi: Manzils

                vii:  Fana and Baqa-Dhat,Sifat,Af'al

                viii: Fana Af'al Baqa Af'al

                ix:  Fana Sifat Baqa Sifat

                x:  Fana Dhat Baqa Dhat

               xi:  Tauhid

               xii: Ilm ul Yaqin,Ain ul Yaqin,Haq ul Yaqin

              xiii: Ijadiya,Suhudiya,Wujudiya Sufism

Chapter ;5    Ridwan School and Diamond approach.

Chapter :6   Perennial Philosophy and Traditionalism

                  a: Rene Guenon

                        b: frithjof  Schuon

                        c:Seyyed Hussein Nasr

 

Part IV: Mind Physiology & Human Psychology

 Section-A:   Mind Physiology            

Section-B:    Human Psychology

Chapter 1:          Freud, Adler, Jung, and Berne     

            a:             Freud and psychoanalysis

                b:             Adler and individual psychology    

                c:             Jung and analytical psychology      

                d:             Berne and transactional analysis    

Chapter 2:          Neo Behaviorism           

Chapter 3:          Gestalt psychology

Chapter  4:        Cognitive Psychology

Chapter  5:        Humanistic Psychology       

Chapter 6:        Modern trends in Psychology

             a:           Evolutionary Psychology.

                 b:           Developmental Psychology.

                c:            Depth Psychology

                 d:           Transpersonal Psychology

Chapter 7        Experimental Psychology and  James Baldwin

                  a:          Experimental Psychology

                  b:           James Mark Baldwin

Chapter 8:       Jean Gebser and Clare Graves                 

                a:           Gebser and Structures of Consciousness

                b:             Graves and Spiral Dynamics

Chapter 9        The Enneagram

Chapter 10:          Action, sensation etc.     

            a :            Pragmatism           

                b:             Empiricism            

                c:             Emotion

                d:             Rationalism          

                e:             Intuition

Chapter 11:          Causation, Determinism, Free will           

            a:             Causation             

                b:             Determinism         

                c:             Free will

 

Part: V: Cosmology & Modern Physics.

 Chapter:1:  Cosmology

 Chapter:2: Modern Physics.

 

 

 

Part I : Nature of Reality

 

Chapter 1 : The planes of the  Absolute      

Introduction

Whenever we contemplate on the nature of Reality we have to conceive of a state at which there is not any other form of beings and existences except Ultimate Reality in Itself. What I mean by Being  is not the usual meaning implied by the term like external being . This external being is either  material being- like a rock or our body which is material being or being of matter; or  like light or other electromagnetic spectrum- which is  the being of energy. My concept of being  includes apart from this  physical or material being, subtle beings, soul  beings and spiritual beings.

     What I mean by subtle beings is not only the realm of of Imaginations but also the part of mind like emotions, feelings, passions, desires and also ordinary discursive thoughts. What I mean by soul beings is the realm of ideas and thoughts arising out of self consciousness where the being is fully conscious of his subjectivity and every thing rising out of this subjectivity. This is the subjectivity of Husserl after the phenomenological reduction-first eidetic reduction. This is also Dasein's  existential consciousness of Heidegger and other existentialists. This subjective consciousness is obtained by the phenomenological method of continuous reflecting upon the pre-reflective consciousness of Sartre.

      What I mean by Spiritual existence is  immediate awareness before and beyond subjective and objective distinction. Knowledge not as Individual souls but as Absolute Spirit. What J. Krishnamurthy called choice less awareness , Osho Rajneesh silent witnessing self,  Mulla Sadra Presencial Cognition (Ilm Hudluri). This is what Hegel calls the realm of speculative reason where there is unity of consciousness and self consciousness. This is Heidegger's realm of Ereignis where there is belonging together of Dasein and Being. This is also the state attained by what Husserl calls the second or transcendental reduction where every thing is reduced to transcendental or absolute subjectivity. But unlike phenomenological method which is an intellectual or rational knowledge of this state this is an existential or experiential knowledge. This is the state of pure experiencing where experiencer, experience and experienced form or in a unity. This is the state where there is no conflict or duality between subjective and objective but there is complete unity between them. This is the state of ecstasy of the Neo-Platonists where there is no distinction of the knower and known.

      The Ultimate Reality is prior to physical existence, so this must be before physical time. What I mean by physical time is time according to modern physics. Time beginning from a physical event. According to modern physics Big bang event is the point of singularity and the beginning of present serial time. According to idealists thoughts are before things, in other words mind is prior to matter.  Since this reality is prior to subtle  existence, this must be prior to subtle time. Discursive thoughts and imaginations are always in a flux or motion and there is always movement from one thought to another in succession. So there is subtle serial time. This Reality is also prior to soul  existence because Soul World has a beginning as Individual and particular souls. This Reality is also prior to Spiritual existence because spiritual plane has a logical beginning. What I mean by logical time is mathematical priority like one precedes two; two precedes three and the priority of events. So it means this highest Plane of The Absolute precedes even the plane as Absolute Spirit.

Transcendental Plane.

I: Absolute Being:

        This is the highest plane of the Absolute as  Absolute Being. The start or beginning is as Absolute Being or rather The Absolute Being is beyond beginning because strictly speaking beginning like later Life and Mind is an earlier becoming of this Absolute Being and also beginning need time as a concept ,but this plane is beyond the formations of concepts. The nature of this essence or  Absolute Being is Thought as Thinker. At this stage there is no knowledge or thoughts so there is no self consciousness but only consciousness. So rather than saying Thinker or Knower which is actually the state of the essence when it has thoughts or knowledge we will call this Conscious being or simply Absolute Being.

     Thought has two aspects or states. One thought in its immediacy or pre reflective thought- spontaneous passive thought and the other mediated or reflected thought or active thought. It is the nature of thought that immediacy precedes mediation, undifferentiated state is prior to differentiation, indeterminate state is prior to determination. In immediacy thought or knowledge is limited to Thinker or Knower. At this state there is no thoughts or knowledge because thoughts or knowledge depends upon the objects or known, but at this stage there is no known. There cannot be any knowledge without a prior existing known or knowledge is always knowledge of something. So here Thinker is not subject with predicates or ego with non ego or self with non self, all of them needing knowledge to distinguish knower from the known. So here Thinker is simply Being. This is the IS- ness of the Absolute. The Absolute IS or I Am. Thought  as Being .But Thinker is Subject. So at this state Subject is Being. Indefinable Absolute Being is Thought in its spontaneous, passive or undifferentiated and unfocused state The Thinker absorbed in himself without descending into thoughts or knowledge of objects or known.. Knower or Thinker in this spontaneity is indefinable or indeterminate There is no determination or predicates at this stage. All one can say is this is Being.. Knowledge or Thought as Noun and not as Knowledge of known, or thoughts of objects There is no differentiation of Knower, Knowledge and Known or Thinker, Thought and Thoughts. Here there is no differentiation between Being and Subject. This is because here thought is in its pre reflective state. So this is a passive state. Here Thinker is not focusing or there is no activity of Thinker. This is why  here the subject revealed as Being. All that can be ascertained about the Absolute at this  first state is The Absolute is Being. This state or aspect is Absolute in His hidden state. The unknowable Absolute. The Indefinable Being. The Undifferentiated aspect of the Absolute as Being This is the stage of The One. There is no Other at this stage. This is the stage of absolute rest. There is no movement of thought at this stage. This state is actually indefinable and unknowable. Because at this state both knowledge and known is the Knower. In the three aspect of knower-knowledge-known The knower is only revealed at this state. Here all the predicates are there already but the predicates are not separated from the Being. So here Being or Existence is not separate from the Subject. So at this state Thought as Thinker means Being.  Now Thinker is same as Ego, Self or Subject but in the absence of non ego or non self or predicates at this plane Thinker is revealed as Being.  So at this plane Thought is as Being and not as Knowledge of self or as self conscious subject with predicates. All the predicates and attributes issues from this plane of Being. Nothing further can be ascertained about the nature, essence, attributes or content of this Being.. This plane is indefinable and undifferentiated so this is the unknown and unknowable Being. Predicates or attributes and accidents, and the whole universe comes from this source so this is not an empty nothingness but really the source of all but at this plane simply indefinable. We start or begins with this Indefinable Absolute Being.. Unlike the second plane (Absolute Spirit) and third plane (Absolute World) which are dependent planes and depends each other and both depends on this first plane for their reality and source, this first plane is completely independent of any predicates or attribute or the world. In this plane The Absolute is Absorbed in Himself.

        The Nature or Essence of the First plane is Thought, but Thought as Absolute Being. Now Thought has a thinking or knowledge aspect and a being, energy or matter aspect. That is, the form of this Thought is as essence of Energy. This essence of energy need some clarification. As we know matter is nothing but a form of energy and all basic particles or subatomic particles can be reduced to fermions and bosons. Energy units or photon differ each other according to their Quanta and frequency. Photons with higher frequency have higher Quanta and higher energy and higher temperature. Photons with least frequency have least quanta and minimum energy like Radio waves. Essence of Energy is the initial state of Energy at which it has no frequency or any definite Quanta. What I mean by essence of Energy is Energy before and beyond any frequency or Energy at rest. This is also same as the Strings  in String theory. But Strings in an unexcited state. Strings before vibrating to form fermions and bosons-the basic particles of both matter and energy.

     Now Absolute Being is in reality Thinker  or in other words the nature of Absolute Being is Thought. This means all beings ,everything and the whole reality, whether as essence of energy (unexcited strings) or as fermions, bosons or as matter or bodies is nothing but Thought itself. Being Energy or Matter is the form of this Thought. Matter has no independent reality. This means the materialistic view of matter as primary  and devoid of Thought (Mind) is wrong. Like this the idealistic view of two realities ,Thought and Matter is also wrong. There is only Thought and everything whether imagined things or material things- they are only different forms of Thought. They have no independent reality apart from Thought. When we say the Nature of reality is thought we do not mean only the reflective thought we are acquainted. This is only one type of limited thought while imagination and dreams and sensations are other types of the same thought.

      This is the source of every thing. This is the root of all other beings. All other beings and existences are derived from this Being. Every thing depends on this Being but this does not depend on any thing. There is no predicate apart from this Being.. As Spinoza says here attributes are substance it self. There is no difference between subject and predicate or substance and attributes or form and content at this stage. The attributes are not revealed in knowledge at this stage. There is no Other at this plane.. This state is not an object of knowledge as this is the state of knower, knowledge and known as Being. In this sense we can say this is Absolute Being . Some call this state The Unknown and The Unknowable. The Absolute Being is unknown and unknowable because Being has not descended into knowledge and there is no known, so this plane is not an object of thought.   

     Here we can see that the Ultimate Nature or Essence of this Reality or the first plane is Thought. But most abstract thought. This state is at absolute rest. Thinker in his passive state. There is yet no motion or movement. We would say there is no frequency of thought. The internal frequency is zero. What I mean by frequency is nothing but motion of thought. Thought  as Thinker  and nothing can be ascertained about thoughts or knowledge of the the known as there is no known at this state. So there is no movement of thought. We will denote this state as First Logos. This state is identified usually with the first principal predicates of the Subject. The Being or The Existence. Not as a predicate but as a state or stage as Absolute Being

     It is about this plane that Ibn Arabi says in Fusus that The Being is independent of every thing ,both the predicates and world. This is the Absolute knowing itself  as only Being. Here the Absolute is not known as God because Lordship depends on the known and at this stage there is no known. Now Knowledge always depends on the known in other words there cannot be any knowledge without an already existing known. Knowledge depends on known and as there is no known there is also no knowledge. So there is only Knower as Being

      In 'Fusus' Ibn Arabi call this Al-Dhat (The Essence). The Knowing Essence. The indeterminate Essence. Al -Wujud(The Being). The plane of Wajib al Wujud (Necessary Being).This First Plane is the Tansih (Transcendence) aspect of the Absolute and is the Tajrid (isolation) of Tauhid (Unity) according to Ibn Arabi.Ibn Arabi name this Absolute plane as the plane of Ahadiyah (Unity). The plane that is independent of worlds. . The Knowing Essence . Only this Plane is designated by the Divine Name Allah(al-ilah-one who alone is worthy of worship).  What we have to remember is here Al Wujud  is not mere unconscious being or mere existence or extension as opposed to thought but Thinker as Being. This Essence is not the same as Hegel's Stage of Essence. This is the Thinker Absorbed in Himself, so as Being.

        In Viveka Chudamani Sankara denote this plane as Brahman, Paramatman . He describe this Being as Sat-Cit-Ananda( Being-Consciousness-Bliss) .What we have to bear in mind is here these terms are not used as the predicates or attributes of the Brahman. But as the essential nature or as Being himself. Brahman as Being, as Knower, as Bliss. This is Brahman without any qualities or predicates (Nirguna Brahman).Sankara calls this Para Brahman (higher Absolute) Nirvishesa or Nirguna Brahman. (Absolute without attributes or qualities).This Absolute Being is the Brahman, Atman or Paramatman of Vedanta.

      This is the Being of Parmenides, Plato, Heidegger, Ibn Arabi and Mulla Sadra. This is the Substance of Spinoza. The Unknown and Unknowable of Herbert Spencer, The unknowable Ding un Sich (Thing in itself) of Immanuel Kant. Here Being is not used as a predicate but as the Essence.This is the One-the unknowable of Plotinus.

    In Sufism as a plane this  is called Ahadiyah.This is also the plane of Hahut. Shah Waliullah name this plane Lahut (Divinity) and call this Subject Huwa(He).In Christian trinity this is Father. In Hinduism in Trimurthi concept this is Shiva the destroyer, but in Kashmir saivism this is Parsamvit. In the categories  of Universal ,Particular and Individual this represent Universal.

    It is about this state that the mystic Sree Narayana Guru of Kerala says in his book 'Arivu'-(Knowledge) that 'Ariyum mumbetonna larivallatonnu mingirippeela; Arivattatinetatirun darivenna lonnumingu kanmeela'-(Before knowing also there was nothing but only Knowledge;There is no limit to that unknowing knowledge and there exists noting but this Knowledge).

    Hegel describe this plane as Abstract Being. The Absolute which is Thought or Notion implicitly appear to itself as Being. Hegel Begins his Logic with Being-Pure, abstract, indeterminate Being. The Absolute not knowing Himself as Self Conscious Subject but thinking Himself as Being and by dialectical movement developing into Absolute Idea. So according to Hegel the Absolute is only implicit Subject in the beginning but becomes explicit Absolute Subject in the end after a dialectical process of development

        A major difference between Hegel and other Mystics is According to Hegel This First Absolute Plane is fully Knowable and attainable by Speculative Thought. Ibn Arabi and other mystics are the view that This plane is Transcendental plane. This is one meaning of Kant's Noumenon, Ding an Sich (Thing in Itself), The Unknowable. This plane is beyond Eternity and Time. This is because Time even as a concept only appear in the second plane. This First Plane exclusively belongs to the Absolute.. So no created being has share in this plane. No human beings, however great he may be whether great mystics or other self realised man cannot attain this plane of Absolute Being. All the knowledge the mystics get about this plane is Knowledge revealed from the second plane. So the full reality of this plane is Unknowable.

        The second major difference is according to Ibn Arabi this first plane or Absolute Being is perfect in himself -both in his Being and in his knowledge and the descend of this Absolute Being into the succeeding second plane-that of Absolute Spirit is really a limitation -limitation in knowledge. The cause of this descend into the immanent plane is the Love of the Absolute Being-Love of perfection. By descending into the immanent plane as Absolute Spirit the Absolute Being who is already perfect in His Absolute Being and Absolute Knowledge also made perfect in Becoming and Relative Knowledge. But this does not add or reduce any thing from the Absolute Being who is always perfect in Himself. But according to Hegel the Abstract Being becomes perfect only as Absolute Idea or becoming Absolute Subject and later as Absolute Spirit in Philosophic Spirit.

.     A rough comparison of this plane will be with the state of our deep sleep. In deep sleep our knowledge is limited to Being. The Absolute Being is the rest or sleep of the Absolute. The manifestations-the plane of Absolute Spirit and Absolute World is the Wakening or active state of the Absolute. The plane of Knowledge. The Absolute eternally alternate between these two states. This is described in Hindu mythology as the pralaya-and the eternal cycle of rest and activity of the Absolute.

        All the succeeding stages or planes or grades are the Descends or limitations of this Absolute Being. But all the Descends or limitations are really descends in knowledge. Limiting himself in Knowledge. So the Absolute Being is first displayed in Knowledge as Essences and later as identity and beings in external forms. This descends are also described as effusion (al-fayd) or over flowing of the Being. But this effusion does not diminish the plane of Absolute Bring. But the Being remain for ever as He is with out any decrease in spite of all these descends. This is why Heidegger says the nature of Being both as an Origin and Ground. In spite of the origin of all beings it still remains as the Ground of all beings.

    Now the ordinary idea of descend means leaving the higher stage and coming to a lower plane. But in the case of Absolute Being all these descends are relative and he is always as he is in the first plane. All these descends are in perception only (limitation in knowledge). whether the descend is in knowledge alone as essences or in beings and identities as external forms.

    This relative nature of Absolute Being's descends can be illustrated by the image in a mirror. There is both identity and difference in the image from the real. If one move his face the image also will be moved ,so there is some form of identity between the real and the image. On the other hand the defects or the destruction of the image due to the imperfection or breaking of the mirror will not affect the real. So there is also difference and distinction between the real and the image.

Immanent Plane

II: Absolute Spirit (Creative Spirit):

        As we explained earlier it is the nature of Thought that it has both immediacy and mediation. Immediacy is always followed by mediation. When the Absolute Being reflect on Himself this is mediated knowledge- Knowledge of self as known. This is the second aspect of Thought .Mediated or reflected thought. Active thought. Thought focusing back to itself.. When being or Knower reflects on himself the Known is Knower itself. Here there is no known apart from the subject. As there is no other apart from the self  to know at this stage the known is the Self itself. Here Being  becomes an Object to Himself. So this is the state of self consciousness. So these knowledge of himself becomes the essential attributes or qualities or universal ideas or predicates of the subject Himself .When the first predicate Being is attributed to the subject he is called self conscious being or universal subjective spirit. So in this second stage the Absolute becomes Abslolute Spirit because here He is no more mere being but subject with predicates.So due to mediation self becomes non self, subject becomes object and Knower becomes Known. Now this development of the predicate being and this self conscious being is due to knowledge. So when the Absolute Spirit becomes conscious of the knowledge it also becomes a predicate of the subject and when this knowledge is attributed to the subject he can be called knower or universal mental spirit. So due to this known or object or non self  there is also development of Knowledge. The Subject  has Awareness, Knowledge or Thoughts This is because as we earlier stated there cannot be knowledge without an already existing Known or in other words Knowledge depends on the known for its existence. So While the first plane is the state of Being alone this second plane is the state of Knower-Knowledge-Known. This is the state of Knower and knowledge or Subject and predicates, or Thinker and Thoughts. This is what Ibn Arabi called The Absolute Being descending into the plane of knowledge. So this is the beginning of motion or movement in the Absolute Being. There is the beginning of internal frequency of Thought. The difference between this second plane of Absolute Spirit and Third plane of Absolute World is As Absolute Spirit there is Unity between these three aspects of knower-knowledge-known while as Absolute World Knower and known or subject and object are separated.

     When the Absolute Being in his spontaneity descends into knowledge this is Being focusing on himself. The Being itself becomes a predicate of the Absolute. When the Subject as Being reflect on Himself this is mediated knowledge- Knowledge of Being. Here Subject as Being changes to Subject have Being. Subject as Being when descends into the plane of knowledge this is Subject or Being reflecting on himself. Due to this reflection Subject or Being abstracts or withdraws himself from himself so that Being becomes a predicate of this reflected Being or Subject. Knowledge reveals Self and non self-Subject and Object. Here Being becomes an Object or the predicate of the Subject. Both Existence and Life are the further self development of this Being . Existence is synonymous with Being and Life is also a form of immediate subjectivity. When this predicate being is attributed to the subject he is called self conscious being or universal subjective spirit and the subject becomes Absolute Spirit. The state of Being as a known predicate is Knowledge, so there is consciousness of Knowledge and the the predicate of knowledge is revealed. When this predicate knowledge is attributed to the subject he is called knower or universal mental spirit. Knowledge of this Subjectivity and Objectivity evolve or develops into Love. Will &Desire are a form of this Love. Now love is a predicate of the subject and when love is attributed to the subject He is called Lover or universal imaginary spirit . Love evolve or develops in to Power. When the predicate power is attributed to the subject He is called the powerful or universal material spirit. So at this second state Subject and his innumerable predicates are revealed. The principle predicates are Being, Knowledge, Love and Power. Subject differentiate or abstract himself from all this predicates so that at this state there is Subject and his predicates.

     This is the plane of Subject with predicates or Essence with attributes. The revelation of the potentialities in the Essence. Here the Attributes or Qualities are also revealed in the Essence. When the Unknown and Unknowable Absolute Being descends into the plane of knowledge this is called the second plane or Absolute Spirit. Here the Subject is with his predicates or The Essence or Substance is with attributes or qualities or names. This second plane does not exist independently but always gives rise to the third plane or the Absolute World.

     This second plane is the root of external manifestations. In the second plane more and more determinations limit knowledge. This is the plane of determined thoughts Now this second plane begins with the Absolute Spirit as pure subjective, self conscious being. As we explained earlier this is the state of the subject when Being is attributed to him. In the beginning knowledge is limited to the Subjectivity .Here First Absolute Being become aware of only his subjectivity and due to limitation in knowledge first develop into a determinate limited Subjective being. So here there is the beginning of Individuality. But here Individual Being or Existence is only in knowledge and in this plane there is no external or actual existence but only existence in the plane of knowledge or ideal existence. But as there is no other individual apart from Him at this stage this individuality has a universal character. In the beginning as this knowledge is only limited to the subjective aspect  other predicates are not revealed .So this is the state of pure individual self consciousness or subjective consciousness. As we explained earlier this first predicate being when attributed to subject he is self conscious being. This beginning state of the Absolute Spirit is also called Universal Subjective Spirit. Let us denote this as S spirit or ultra light spirit(Radio,TV,Micro Sprit). This is also the concept of  Time- Space. We have to remember that at this stage there is neither actual time or space but only the concept or idea of it. We have seen that Thought has both a thinking or knowledge aspect and a being or energy or matter aspect or in better words being or energy or matter aspect is the form of this universal subjective spirit.  Time is the subjective or knowing aspect and space is the being or essence of energy aspect of the Universal Subjective Spirit.. So The beginning is subject as Being reflecting on itself.. This is the state of self consciousness. This we call Universal Subjective Spirit or 'S' spirit or ultra light spirit (Radio, TV. Micro). As we explained earlier the nature of this universal spirit is Thought and the form or being of this Absolute Spirit is essence of Energy or unexcited Strings. What I mean by essence of energy is energy at rest or energy beyond any frequency. In other words Thought and Being are two aspects of one and the same thing. So there is no being or energy or matter whose nature is not thought and no thought whose form is not being or energy or matter.. Being is implicit thought or the shadow of thought as its form. The nature of the Absolute Spirit is Thought in the form of Essence of Energy. The content is Thought but the Form is as Essence of Energy. So there is unity between thought and being but also difference. The difference is being or matter has no reality in itself like thought but only a form of thought. So the primary reality is Thought. So all things and this Absolute Spirit also has an internal and external aspect or nature. The content of thought as internal subject and the form of thought or essence of energy as external Being. This Absolute Spirit and Essence of energy is one and the same thing. So Absolute Spirit is this Being as Essence of Energy and this Being is Absolute Spirit. Absolute Spiritual Being. So there are no two things as Absolute Spirit and Being as essence of energy. These are the different point of view of the one and the same thing. When we look at the internal aspect of this Being it is pure subjectivity or pure spirit or if we look at the external aspect of this Absolute spirit it is Being or Thought in the form of Essence of energy. The reality of this essence of energy is nothing but Thought. They are thought itself in the form of essence of energy. So this internal and external aspect is one and the same thing, not two different things. When viewed from one angle it is thought and from the other angle it is Essence of energy. They are the two sides of the one and same coin. These form of thoughts as essence of energy are the same thought as Absolute Spirit. So one has no independent reality without the other. In this plane these are two nature of the one and same Absolute. Internal Absolute Spirit aspect we call active nature and external  Being aspect  we call the passive nature. Both are one and the same  Absolute Spirit.So the second plane begins with the Absolute spirit as Universal subjective spirit.

      We have explained that Absolute Being of the first plane, which is passive thought-thought without movement ,or frequency or at rest due to knowledge becomes active thought or thought with internal movement or internal frequency of the second plane as Absolute Spirit. Like this the f the third plane or the Absolute World is the manifestation of Power attribute of the Absolute Subject. When the Absolute Spirit  as Universal subjective Spirit in second Plane which is the stage of knowledge contemplates himself this will give rise to Love-love of self expression. As we explained earlier here this is a state or stage and not a predicate. This state of love is the cause of or manifest as  movement in universal subjective spirit. In the second plane which is a state of knowledge the being aspect of universal spirit is as essence of energy. Now this love of self expression manifest as slight vibrations in the essence of energy. So there is the beginning of motion in the Being or essence of energy of Universal Spirit and energy with the lowest frequency is manifested. This is the third plane and beginning of external manifestations. This is the power aspect of the Absolute-Power as a stage and not as a predicate. Here the Universal Spirit of the second plane or Radio Spirit now knows himself as an external Universal spiritual soul (radio Soul), as an individual and particular external existence. So this is the beginning of external frequency of thought as particular energy. let us call this first external being Radio Soul or Radio wave or radio photon. This is the Third plane or beginning of Absolute World.  Now this is nothing but first thought becoming as love and then becoming more and more concrete and becoming power. So manifestation is the power of the Absolute. Power manifesting as the Radio energy. This manifestation of the Universal spiritual soul as S1 soul or Radio Photon is the beginning of the third plane ,the Absolute World. So the second plane is the state of  knowledge as Absolute Spirit and the third plane is the state of Power as Absolute World. As we told earlier what we have to bear in mind is  Radio Soul and the  radio wave is one and the same thing and the same process. So these are the different names of the one and same thing ,one time stressed from it's internal aspect or knowing aspect,at another from it's external or being aspect. Radio Soul is the Subjective aspect and internal nature and Radio wave or Photon is the Being or external aspect. Radio wave is the form of  Radio Soul. This is also the beginning of Space-Time. Space is this Radio wave external aspect and Time is the Radio soul or internal aspect.

     Now after some logical time in the second plane of the Absolute Spirit , as the Universal subjective Spirit, as we discussed earlier due to becoming aware of the predicate knowledge  there is further limitation of knowledge and concreteness of thought and gradually losing pure self or subjective consciousness becomes aware of himself about knowledge of his predicates and completely identify himself with his predicates. As a result the Absolute Spirit lose his knowledge as Universal subjective Spirit and limit his knowledge as knower or Universal Mental Spirit. By a similar process as described above Universal Mental Soul is Manifested out of Universal spiritual soul in the Third plane. By this process all the essences or spirits  are developed in the second plane and the Absolute world with beings are manifested in the third plane. So the state of knowledge is the cause of the second plane-Absolute Spirit as essences or eternal spirits and Power is the cause of the third plane or Absolute World. As we explained love-love of expression or spiritual will is the cause of movement which produce the world.

       Now this second plane is the plane of active Thought but of internal Knowledge. Knowledge internal to the Uuniversal Subjective Spirit so that even if there is distinction between the three aspects of Knower-Knowledge-Known there is also Unity and they are not separated and there is  no external manifestation. This knowledge gives rise to Love. Thought transforming to love (internal aspect) manifest as vibrations in the being or form of the lover (external aspect as essence of energy). This is nothing but more active thought and as a result universal subjective soul is manifested with minimum frequency of energy. we may call this supra light being- radio wave. This is the beginning of external manifestation as Absolute world or Existence. This manifestation is the Power aspect of the Absolute. As we explained earlier this radio soul or radio wave is one and the same thing. Thought is the nature of this radio wave as soul and radio wave is only the form of this radio soul. By a similar process when the Absolute spirit as universal subjective spirit becomes conscious of the knowledge of predicates or content of the self , knower or universal mental spirit or light spirit is formed in the second plane. As explained above in third plane of absolute world out of ultra light beings, beings with higher frequency is manifested. This is universal mental soul or light waves. So first the predicates of Being as universal subjective spirit and then the predicate of knowledge as universal mental spirit is revealed.. Knowledge of this Subjectivity and Objectivity develops into Love. Will &Desire are a form of this Love. Love develops in to Power. So at this second plane Subject and his innumerable predicates are revealed. The principle predicates are Subjective Being, Knowledge, Love and Power. Each of these predicates are also Divine names or Spirits witch gives rise to the third plane as worldly names or Absolute World.. This developments of Absolute Spirit as various spirits culminate at last in the development of Human Spirit. We will explain this in detail when we discuss the third plane.

      The development of Absolute Spirit as essences or eternal spirts in this second plane has a logical succession. The succeeding spirits have less and less pure subjectivity (internal nature) and more and more  being or passive nature content. This series ends in spirits with maximum  passive nature and minimum subjective aspect.. Then begins the Ascension. Spirits with this maximum passive nature and also more and more subjective aspect culminating in spirits with maximum internal nature and also maximum external nature. This at last culminate in the development of  the human spirits. This second plane is what we call the plane of the Absolute Spirit or Creative Spirit.

      As we told ear